Cystitis is an inflammatory disease of the bladder mucosa.The main types of cystitis include bacterial cystitis, viral cystitis, saline cystitis, sterile cystitis caused by venous stasis of pelvic organs, interstitial cystitis, and radiation cystitis.This disease definitely requires treatment to prevent the development of a chronic process and secondary pyelonephritis (complication of cystitis)
The clinic's experts know how to diagnose cystitis early.A professional urologist can prescribe effective yet gentle treatments to quickly stop disease symptoms and keep you healthy.
Classification of cystitis
Most often, inflammation of the bladder mucosa occurs due to infection in the body.In this case, acute cystitis is diagnosed.Acute cystitis can become chronic if treatment strategies are incorrect or symptoms of the disease are ignored.In the chronic course of the disease, cystitis manifests itself as relapses: symptoms appear when the body is slightly weakened, and then disappear indefinitely.
Urologists also distinguish between:
- Infectious cystitis.Most often, cystitis is caused by a sexually transmitted infection (STI).It can also be caused by other infections that enter the bladder due to poor personal hygiene.
- Traumatic cystitis.This type of cystitis is rare.The cause of the development of the inflammatory process can be any injury during medical and surgical procedures.For example, trauma during bladder catheterization.
- Chemical cystitis.Occurs due to overuse of personal hygiene products and use of strong medications.Additionally, chemical cystitis is frequently diagnosed in patients receiving anticancer radiation or chemotherapy.
Primary cystitis is a primary lesion of the bladder and is a manifestation of symptoms related to bladder damage; secondary cystitis is related to secondary damage caused by bacteria from the kidneys or changes in nearby organs and tissues.Often, a clinically hidden kidney infection is found in women with symptoms of cystitis.In this case, we are talking about complicated cystitis in women.In addition, bladder inflammation may be the first manifestation of or complicate the course of any urological disorder.
symptoms of cystitis
- Frequent, unhelpful urge to urinate;
- Burning and stinging sensation at the end of urination;
- A feeling that the bladder is not completely empty;
- Cloudy, foamy urine mixed with mucus;
- Urine has an unpleasant, pungent odor;
- Urethral and pelvic pain.
If unpleasant symptoms occur, consult a specialist.A professional urologist will perform a complete diagnosis, make a correct diagnosis and prescribe an effective treatment plan.
Why does cystitis occur?
Cystitis in women is caused by microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses and parasites.Usually, the causative agents of the disease are opportunistic intestinal microbiota: Proteus, Klebsiella, Escherichia coli, Enterobacteriaceae, Streptococcus.Poor personal hygiene, hypothermia, reduced immunity due to fatigue or illness, and pathological conditions of the gastrointestinal tract promote the passage of intestinal flora into the bladder, leading to a disruption in the proportion of opportunistic flora such as lactobacilli and bifidobacteria.
Often, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) trigger inflammation of the bladder mucosa.Due to some similar symptoms, when self-medicating, you may choose the wrong treatment, which can only temporarily eliminate the symptoms, but not the underlying cause.That's why doctors recommend seeking qualified help.
One of the most unpleasant forms of cystitis in women is postcoital cystitis, which is associated with the entry of an infectious agent into the urethra during sexual intercourse.Both parties need to be examined, a gynecologist and a urologist consulted, and a decision made as to whether surgical treatment or correction of the perineal soft tissue with a hyaluronic acid preparation is necessary.
Cystitis, like many other diseases, may occur in the context of chronic neuropsychiatric stress, hormonal imbalances, and allergic diseases.The aggressive effects of certain drug metabolites are excreted in the urine and irritate the bladder mucosal wall, which may also trigger the appearance of disease symptoms.
Predisposing factors for cystitis in women:
- Congenital anomalies (urethral cyst, urethral stricture);
- Overactivity of the urethra;
- genetic predisposition;
- Incorrect selection of antibiotic therapy and hormonal therapy;
- Frequently changing sexual partners;
- lack of contraception;
- Failure to observe personal hygiene rules;
- Gastrointestinal pathology.
Diagnosis of disease
If at least one symptom of cystitis is detected, the patient is advised to consult a urologist.The clinic employs both female and male urologists to ensure maximum patient comfort.At your first appointment, your doctor will review your medical history in detail, listen to your chief complaints, and ask questions about past genitourinary conditions.
Clinically, to confirm the diagnosis of cystitis and exclude serious bladder diseases (cancer, tuberculosis), laboratory and instrumental investigation methods are performed according to modern urological clinical recommendations.Your doctor may recommend the following tests to diagnose cystitis:
- Urine bacteriological examination;
- Urine PCR detects intracellular and viral infections;
- Kidney and bladder ultrasound;
- CT and MRI contrast-enhanced scans;
- Cystoscopy;
- Urodynamic studies (uroflowmetry).
The medical center is equipped with the most modern diagnostic equipment.In urology, cystoscopy is frequently used for diagnostic purposes.Urethrocystoscopy is a high-precision endoscopic examination of the genitourinary tract that can confirm the diagnosis of cystitis.Diagnostic methods such as ultrasound can also provide detailed information about urinary system conditions.
Cystitis in women is often associated with gynecological conditions such as vaginitis or bacterial vaginosis.In older women, cystitis is associated with menopause.With this in mind, the urologist can refer the woman to a gynecologist.
The scope of diagnosis depends on symptoms, concomitant diseases, and the patient's medical history.Don't refuse to be tested.In order to make a correct diagnosis and institute effective treatment, doctors must determine the underlying cause of the disease.
At the medical center, all studies are conducted using modern high-tech expert equipment.Experienced specialists will help diagnose the disease in its early, asymptomatic stages so that quality treatment can be provided promptly.
Treatment of cystitis
Symptoms of cystitis may be mild or severe, and treatment is not recommended without consultation with an experienced urologist.
For cystitis, a comprehensive treatment is required, which not only eliminates the pathogen and relieves the inflammatory process, but also preserves local immunity.Typically, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed.It is very important to follow all your doctor's instructions and complete your treatment.After taking the medication, the symptoms of cystitis will disappear within 2-3 days, but this does not mean that the cause has been eliminated.Only thorough treatment can ensure that the disease does not progress to a chronic stage.
Controlled studies based on treatment results should be conducted within one week after the end of treatment, the number of which is determined by the physician on a case-by-case basis.
Self-medication may lead to chronicity of the inflammatory process, exacerbation of the condition, and renal involvement in the inflammatory process.Chronic inflammation increases the risk of cancer.Uncontrolled use of antimicrobial therapy and any other medication without a doctor's prescription is unacceptable.
Complications of cystitis
If treated incorrectly or in the advanced stages of chronic cystitis, the following complications may occur:
- urinary incontinence;
- Vesicoureteral reflux;
- Pyelonephritis;
- Bladder pain.
Physical therapy for cystitis
Physiotherapy shows particular effectiveness as an adjunctive treatment in the treatment of chronic and acute cystitis in women.Physical therapy can help improve blood flow, stimulate microcirculation, and normalize venous outflow.This surgery consolidates the effects of medical treatment and helps prevent cystitis.Your doctor may recommend:
- ozone therapy;
- electrophoresis;
- magnet therapy;
- Ultrasound therapy.
All physiotherapy can be done in specialized clinics under the supervision of experienced physiotherapists.
Advantages of treating cystitis in modern clinics
- Experts will conduct a thorough diagnosis, make a correct diagnosis and provide comprehensive treatment.
- Examination, treatment, recovery – everything is available in one clinic.
- The clinic provides effective physical therapy for speedy recovery after treatment.
Prevent cystitis
Urologists recommend that women have annual preventive checkups and examinations by a gynecologist and urologist.This will allow you to promptly determine if inflammation is present in your body and develop a treatment plan.Many times, genitourinary disorders "do no harm" and have no symptoms.
In addition, in order to prevent cystitis in women, it is recommended to:
- Avoid hypothermia;
- use contraception;
- Follow personal hygiene rules;
- Always rinse the external genitalia with running water before and after sexual intercourse;
- Avoid traumatic sexual positions that may damage the urethra;
- Wear loose-fitting underwear that will not affect blood flow and lymphatic drainage;
- Treat any diseases of the genitourinary system promptly.